Freedom & liberation
22 related entries. Shared tags aid navigation; they do not imply identical beliefs or practices.
← All entries · Concept glossary
Buddhist traditions
A family of traditions concerned with suffering, impermanence, ethical action, and paths of liberation.
South · East · Southeast Asia · 5 highlights↗Hindu traditions
A vast family of devotional, philosophical, ritual, and contemplative traditions.
South Asia · 5 highlights↗Jaina philosophy
A living tradition with rigorous ethics, accounts of living beings, and disciplined paths of liberation.
South Asia · 5 highlights↗Sikh teachings
A living tradition of devotion, remembrance, equality, and service rooted in the Sikh Gurus and Guru Granth Sahib.
Punjab and global diaspora · 5 highlights↗Sufi traditions
Diverse Islamic paths of devotion, remembrance, discipline, and ethical refinement.
Africa · West Asia · South Asia · 5 highlights↗Christian contemplative traditions
Diverse Christian forms of prayer, silence, scriptural meditation, and disciplined attention.
Africa · West Asia · Europe · global · 5 highlights↗Pure Land Buddhist traditions
Pure Land Buddhist traditions centre devotion to Amitābha or Amida and hopes of rebirth in a Pure Land.
China · Japan · wider East Asia · 5 highlights↗Chan Buddhism
Chan developed in China as a Buddhist school emphasising embodied awakening, teacher student encounters, and new uses of language and story.
China · East Asian transmission · 5 highlights↗Korean Seon Buddhism
Seon is a Korean Buddhist tradition related historically to Chinese Chan.
Korea · 5 highlights↗Japanese Zen Buddhism
Japanese Zen developed from Chinese Chan within Japanese Buddhist history.
Japan · global communities · 6 highlights↗Tibetan Buddhist philosophy and practice
Tibetan Buddhist traditions combine philosophical debate, ethics, monastic and lay life, devotion, and contemplative training.
Tibet · Himalayan communities · diaspora · 5 highlights↗Advaita Vedānta: inquiry into nonduality
Advaita Vedānta interprets the Upaniṣads as teaching a nondual reality, brahman, and asks how the apparently separate self relates to it.
India · 6 highlights↗Madhyamaka: the middle way and emptiness
Madhyamaka argues that things lack an independent, fixed nature because they arise through conditions.
India · Tibet · East Asia · 6 highlights↗Yogācāra: experience and the making of a world
Yogācāra examines how consciousness, habits, and interpretation shape experience.
India · East Asia · Tibet · 6 highlights↗Sāṃkhya: discernment and the changing world
Classical Sāṃkhya distinguishes puruṣa, conscious witness, from prakṛti, the source of changing mental and material processes.
India · 6 highlights↗Won Buddhism
Won Buddhism began in Korea in the twentieth century through Sotaesan's teaching.
Korea · global communities · 5 highlights↗Gnostic movements and the problem of the label
Gnosticism is a modern umbrella for varied ancient writings and groups concerned with knowledge, divine reality, and human estrangement.
Late antique Mediterranean · 6 highlights↗Sethian writings
Sethian is a scholarly name for a group of ancient writings that give Seth, son of Adam and Eve, a distinctive place in stories of origin and revelation.
Late antiquity · 6 highlights↗Valentinian Christianity
Valentinian Christians drew on the teaching associated with Valentinus and developed diverse interpretations of God, Christ, ignorance, and restoration.
Second century and later · 6 highlights↗Manichaeism and Mani
Manichaeism was a distinct religion founded by Mani in the third century.
Sasanian Iran · Silk Roads · 6 highlights↗Mandaeism
Mandaeism is a living religion with its own scriptures, priesthood, and repeated rites in flowing water.
Iraq · Iran · diaspora · 6 highlights↗Neoplatonism and Plotinus
Neoplatonist thinkers developed accounts of reality, mind, soul, and return toward the One.
Roman world · 5 highlights↗